What is Efflorescence? Have you ever noticed white deposits on the wall and floor surfaces of your tile or stone installations?  This white residue is called efflorescence. Efflorescence is a natural occurrence in Portland cement applications.  All…

The greening of rooftops is increasingly common; gardens provide perfect insulation for roof surfaces which, typically, are exposed to the highest solar radiation relative to other parts of the building. And with the rising density of urban…

When choosing the most appropriate installation system, a good knowledge of the materials to be installed is essential.  Installing tiles with adhesives by the thin-bed method shall meet specific requirements defined by European Standards EN 12004…

Substrate preparation The presence of dirt and contamination on the substrate due to improper cleaning before tile installation can compromise good adhesion.  Likewise, for the back of tiles.  Other factors such as cracks in substrates or premature…

What layers do you normally find underneath ceramic tiling on a terrace? We generally find various types of materials underneath ceramic tiles on a terrace or balcony: adhesive, a waterproofing layer, the screed, a slope and concrete, for example.…